INTRODUCTION: Today we will be talking about sources. Before you are responsible for finding sources for your research paper, we need to talk about the two types of sources you will be looking for–primary and secondary sources.

PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES:
For the definition of a primary source, click here.
Talk with someone nearby to generate a list of examples of primary sources. Think of five.
For the definition of a secondary source, click here.
Talk with someone nearby to generate a list of examples of secondary sources. List three.
What are the differences between primary and secondary sources?
With the help of a partner, examine the sources listed below and determine whether they are primary or secondary.
Source #1
Source #2
Sources can also be classified as tertiary, but for the purpose of this research paper, we will focus on only primary and secondary sources.
RELIABLE VS. UNRELIABLE SOURCES:
We all know the difference between someone or something that is reliable or unreliable. Therefore, it makes sense that we should try to find reliable sources for our research. Here are some tips to help determine a source’s reliability:
You can ask the following questions to determine if a source is credible:
Who is the author? Credible sources are written by authors respected their fields of study. Responsible, credible authors will cite their sources so that you can check the accuracy of and support for what they’ve written. (This is also a good way to find more sources for your own research.)
How recent is the source? The choice to seek recent sources depends on your topic. While sources on the American Civil War may be decades old and still contain accurate information, sources on information technologies, or other areas that are experiencing rapid changes, need to be much more current.
What is the author’s purpose? When deciding which sources to use, you should take the purpose or point of view of the author into consideration. Is the author presenting a neutral, objective view of a topic? Or is the author advocating one specific view of a topic? Who is funding the research or writing of this source? A source written from a particular point of view may be credible; however, you need to be careful that your sources don’t limit your coverage of a topic to one side of a debate.
What type of sources does your audience value? If you are writing for a professional or academic audience, they may value peer-reviewed journals as the most credible sources of information. If you are writing for a group of residents in your hometown, they might be more comfortable with mainstream sources, such as Time or Newsweek. A younger audience may be more accepting of information found on the Internet than an older audience might be.
Be especially careful when evaluating Internet sources! Never use Web sites where an author cannot be determined, unless the site is associated with a reputable institution such as a respected university, a credible media outlet, government program or department, or well-known non-governmental organizations. Beware of using sites like Wikipedia, which are collaboratively developed by users. Because anyone can add or change content, the validity of information on such sites may not meet the standards for academic research.
Now, examine the sources listed below. With a partner, determine whether each source could be classified as reliable or unreliable. Good luck!
Source A
Source B
Source C
Source D
YOUR PRIMARY SOURCE:
For this research project, you are required to use one primary source. As you have learned above, there are numerous types of primary sources. Here are three of the most common primary sources that students create themselves to use in their research paper:
- Surveys
- Interviews
- Observation of a Related Event
At this point, I would like for you to start thinking about what primary source you are going to create. You already know what the topic of your research project will be, so consider that topic in making your decision as to what type of primary source you will create. Here are some considerations for each of the primary sources listed above:
- Surveys are excellent ways to get people’s opinions on a specific element of your topic, especially if your topic is controversial. You can create surveys easily and quickly using this visiting this free website. You have to create an account first, but it’s free and quick to set up. Then, you can email your friends or classmates a link to your survey!! Check it out!
- An interview is an effective way to get an expert’s take on your topic. The keys to getting a great interview are 1.) pick an expert to interview on your subject, and 2.) create thoughtful questions to ask. Consult this website for tips regarding constructing interview questions.
- An observation of an event related to your topic can serve as a strong primary source for your research paper. For example, let’s say that a person is writing their paper on underaged abortions, and last fall they attended an anti-abortion rally. Then, they could use their experiences from observing that event as their primary source.
Before you leave class today, I would like to see what you have accomplished with creating your primary source!!! Just raise your hand and show me what you’ve done!! Also, I’m here to answer any questions you may have as you work on creating your primary source!! Good luck!